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Saturday, August 29, 2020

Fetal Development

FETAL DEVELOPMENT 





Pre-embryonic Period 

  • First 2 weeks after conception

Embryonic Period 

  • Beginning day 15 through approximately week 8 after conception 

Fetal period 

  • Week 9 after conception to birth 

Week 1

  • Blastocyst is free-floating. 

Week 2 to 3

  • Embryo is 1.5 to 2 mm in length.
  • Lung buds appear.
  •  Blood circulation begins. 
  • Heart is tubular and begins to beat.
  • Neural plate becomes brain and spinal cord
Week 5

  • Embryo is 0.4 to 0.5 cm in length.
  • Embryo is 0.4 g.
  • Double heart chambers are visible. 
  • Heart is beating. 
  • Limb buds form.
Week 8
  • Embryo is 3 cm in length.
  • Embryo is 2 g.
  • Eyelids begin to fuse.
  • Circulatory system through umbilical cord is well established. 
  • Every organ system is present. 
Week 12
  • Fetus is 6 to 9 cm in length. 
  • Fetus is 19 g.
  • Face is well-formed. 
  • Limbs are long and slender.
  • Kidneys begins to form urine.
  • Spontaneous movement occurs.
  • Heartbeat is detected by Doppler transducer between 10 and 12 weeks.
  • Sex of fetus is visually recognizable. 
Week 16
  • Fetus is 11.5 to 13.5 cm in length. 
  • Fetus is 100 g.
  • Active movement is present. 
  • Fetal skin is transparent. 
  • Lanugo hair begins to develop.
  • Skeletal ossification occurs. 
Week 20
  • Fetus is 16 to 18.5 cm in length. 
  • Fetus is 300 g.
  • Lanugo covers the entire body.
  • Fetus has nails.
  • Muscles are developed. 
  • Enamel and dentin are depositing.
  • Heartbeats is detected by regular (non-electronic) fetoscope.
Week 24
  • Fetus is 23 cm length. 
  • Fetus is 600 gm.
  • Hair and head are well-formed. 
  • Skin is reddish and wrinkled. 
  • Reflex hand grasp functions are present. 
  • Vernix caseosa covers entire body.
  • Fetus has ability to hear.
Week 28
  • Fetus is 27 cm in length. 
  • Fetus is 1100 g.
  • Limbs are well flexed.
  • Brain is developing rapidly. 
  • Eyelids open and close. 
  • Lungs are developed sufficiently to provide gas exchange (lecithin forming ) If born,  neonate can breathe at this time.
Week 32
  • Fetus is 31 cm length. 
  • Fetus is 1800 to 2100 g.
  • Bones are fully developed. 
  • Subcutaneous fat has collected. 
  • Lecithin-to-sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio is 12:1
Week 36
  • Fetus is 35 cm in length. 
  • Fetus is 2200 to 2900 g.
  • Skin is pink and body is rounded. 
  • Skin is less wrinkled. 
  • Lanugo is disappearing. 
  • L/S ratio is greater than 2:1
Week 40 
  • Fetus is 40 cm in length. 
  • Fetus is more than 3200 g.
  • Skin is pinkish and smooth. 
  • Lanugo is present on upper arms and shoulders. 
  • Vernix caseosa decrease. 
  • Fingernails extend beyond fingerprints. 
  • Sole (plantar) crease run down to the heel.
  • Labia majora are well developed. 


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